Diabetes Specialist

What causes diabetes?

Diabetes occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't produce any insulin at all, or when the body isn't able to properly use or process the insulin that is produced. Insulin helps balance the amount of sugar, or glucose, in the blood. Without enough insulin in the blood, glucose levels can climb and cause serious problems, including organ and nerve damage and even coma and death. There are three types of diabetes: type I diabetes usually develops in young children when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin; type II primarily affects adults who are overweight or obese, and gestational diabetes develops in women who are pregnant.

What risk factors are associated with diabetes?

Without proper and ongoing care, diabetes can cause kidney failure, nerve and circulatory problems, slow-to-heal sores that can lead to infection and amputation, vision loss, hearing loss and even an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.

What symptoms does diabetes cause?

The most common symptoms of diabetes include an increased need to urinate, increased thirst, fatigue and unintentional weight loss. Numbness, tingling or sharp pain may also occur in the feet or hands.

How is diabetes diagnosed?

Blood tests and urine tests are both used in determining if diabetes is present. A personal and family health history can also determine if patients are at a greater risk of developing the disease.

How is diabetes treated?

Diabetes is a long-term, chronic disease that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment to avoid serious complications like kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision loss. Routine monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for avoiding spikes and ensuring glucose levels remain within a normal range. Some people with type II diabetes can manage their glucose levels with lifestyle changes, including losing excess weight, being more physically active and eating a healthy, nutritious diet. Other patients may require insulin in addition to these lifestyle changes. Having regular office visits to monitor health is important for making sure patients stay on track with their care and also to help ensure treatment evolves as patient needs change over time.